Translation (English-Hindi) Exercise – 47

 Translation (English-Hindi) Exercise – 47

Science and technology play a pivotal role in the development of a nation, be it economic, social, or holistic demographic development. India has one of the strongest networks of science and technology institutions and a sizeable pool of highly skilled workforce. India has been steadily rising in the Global Innovation Index (GII) rankings and is currently ranked 46th position. India is one of the youngest countries entering the next decade, with 64% of the population in the working-age group. MNCs like Samsung, Bosch, Microsoft, CISCO, etc. have turned their focus on India to leverage the capability we have to offer. This provides a huge opportunity for the young, ambitious, and increasingly educated youth to become job creators rather than being job seekers. The world is changing and we as humans are learning to adapt with it but this would have been an impossible journey without the support of the growing startup ecosystem. Radical technological advancements are transforming the world and are giving rise to new innovations at an exponential rate. Electronics miniaturization has enabled a computer which was of the size of a room to becoming hand-held. With the convergence of computing, storage, and communications at incredibly lower costs the miniaturization shall be even more transformational. Robotics and artificial intelligence are the driving forces of the next generation leading to higher productivity and efficient automation.

Translation (English-Hindi) Exercise – 46

 

In India, social idealism and political-idealism were opposed to each other. Ambedkar earnestly wished that the political idealism of the majority would become the social idealism of all. The essence of his allIndia leadership could be seen in his loyalty to his community. He always placed the freedom and welfare of his community above the attainment of swaraj. But when swaraj was in sight he made a compromise with the national leadership. He did not dominate politics, but influenced important political decisions. Though he was the leader of his community he tried to secularise Indian politics. Impact of the west, rule of law, equality of citizens, political participation in law-making and policy decisions, massive efforts of social reforms by Raja Rammohan Roy, Ranade, Phooley, Agarkar and others; democratic liberalism, adult franchise--were some of the factors which contributed to the secular trends in Indian politics. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is a unique instance. Dr. Ambedkar was a contributor to the above trend. National integration was a burning problem. Education and economic development, rational and empirical outlook, modern science and technology, secular outlook to socioeconomic problems and constitutional approach contributed much to national integration. Ambedkar discarded separatist tendencies, and tried to become one with the national trend. In this respect his contribution to national integration was great. He vitalised the national life of India. His constructive statesmanship carved a definite place for him in the line of the nation builders.

Translation (English-Hindi) Exercise – 45

 

Ambedkar adopted the following principles in his political thinking: recognition of the force of nationalism; crusade for social, economic and political freedom in terms of liberty, equality and fraternity; a dislike for any type of imperialism-political, social, economic or religious; a commitment to constitutional methods as the only way, a detestation for violence and a love for justice and peace; a bias for democratic dynamism which sees man as the maker of civilisation and culture and as having the potential to rise on the basis of love and knowledge. Ambedkar had submitted to the R.T.C. a scheme of political safeguards for the protection of the Depressed Classes in the future Constitution of a self-governing India. He demanded : (1) equal citizenship and fundamental rights; (2) declaring the practice of 'untouchability' as illegal; (3) free enjoyment of 'Equal Rights' protected by adequate constitutional remedies; (4) protection against discrimination; (5) adequate representation of the Depressed Classes in the Legislatures; adult suffrage and separate electorates to the Depressed Classes for ten years; (6) adequate representation in services; (7) redress against prejudicial action or neglect of interests-facilities for education, etc.; (8) special departmental care, special minister and welfare bureaus; and (9) seat in the Cabinet. If we examine the above demands, we can clearly remark that all these have been already brought into practice--thanks to the untiring efforts of Ambedkar and progressive democratic traditions of Indian nationalism. The Karachi Congress Resolution on fundamental rights was passed as early as April 1931. Gandhiji made removal of untouchability as one of the important programmes of the national movement. He said in 1920, "Without the removal of that taint, swaraj is meaningless."

Translation (English-Hindi) Exercise – 44

 

Ambedkar was a learned scholar, distinguished educationist, masterly statesman, powerful debater, daring liberator, authoritative constitutionalist, able administrator, famous defender of the revolutionary social reformation movement and a fearless champion of the downtrodden masses. Culture, wisdom, wit, humanism, instinct of reason, spirit of rationalism, reasonable ruthlessness for inequality, contempt for injustice and superstitions were harmoniously blended in right proportions. He was a versatile genius. Gandhiji remarked that he was fierce and fearless. He borrowed evidence from the scriptures to show that discrimination had been made part of religion to facilitate exploitation of bulk of the people by those who had managed to place themselves at the highest rung of the social ladder. He subordinated the national struggle for independence and gave priority to the social emancipation of the untouchables. Gandhiji stressed that swaraj would be unattainable without the removal of untouchability. The nationalist movement was influenced by the above teachings of Gandhiji. Ambedkar united the untouchables, raised them to the level of human beings and put them on the social and political map of India. Because of his leadership the bonds between elite and masses have grown and an active educated middle class has been created which is to a great extent absorbed in government service. He realised that the political enemy of the untouchables in a democracy where the majority ruled, was not the Brahmin, (Though he was against Brahminism), but the dominant agricultural caste. He gave insistence on rights and privileges, to abolish Mahar Watan, and there by tried to break feudal bonds.

Translation (English-Hindi) Exercise – 43

 

Dr. Ambedkar considered the foundations of religion to be essential to life and practices of society. According to him, religion was apart of one's "social inheritance". He wanted religion, but he did not want hypocrisy in the name of religion. Religion, to him, was the driving force for human activity. He remarked, "Man cannot live by bread alone. He has a mind which needs food for thought." He linked religion with the social well-being of the people. Ambedkar's journey to Buddhism can be traced over a span of about forty years. At the age of sixteen Keluskar gave him a copy of the life of Gautam Buddha. In 1945 he attended a Buddhist conference. On 20th June 1946, on behalf of People's Education Society, he started a college and named it Siddharth College. In 1948, he wrote a foreword to L. Narasu's book--'The essence of Buddhism'. In 1950, he took part in the first Modern Buddhist procession in Delhi. In December 1954, he took part in the Third World Federation of Buddhists. It is said that there he made up his mind to embrace Buddhism. Ambedkar was inclined towards Buddhism openly from May 1956. On 24th May 1956 he declared on the day of Buddha Jayanti celebrations at Nare Park in Bombay that he would embrace Buddhism in October 1956. On 23rd September 1956, he issued a press note announcing that his conversion to Buddhism would take place at Nagpur on the Dassahra day, October 14, 1956 between 9 and 11 a.m. He himself preferred Nagpur which was a historic town where the Buddhist Nagas flourished in ancient times. It is said that he deliberately waited up to the 2500th birthday of Buddha.

Translation (English-Hindi) Exercise - 42

 Mahaparinirvan Diwas is observed every year on 6th December to commemorate the death anniversary of Dr. B R Ambedkar. Parinirvana is a Sanskrit term which means release or freedom after death. Ambedkar, having studied the religion extensively, emerged as a Buddhist leader and guru following his conversion to Buddhism. Owing to Ambedkar's status as a Buddhist leader, his death anniversary is referred to as Mahaparinirvana Diwas. Also known as the Father of the Indian Constitution, Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (popularly known as Babasaheb) chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly and was India's First Minister for Law and Justice. A pioneering social reformer, jurist, economist, author, polyglot orator, scholar of comparative religions and thinker, he was a multi-faceted man who remapped the frontiers of human achievement by his sheer tenacity, perseverance and the will to excel against all odds. Dr. Ambedkar braved the walls of prejudice and caste discrimination in early 20th century India to emerge as an exemplar and an unflinching crusader against the inequities of caste system and socio-economic deprivation that afflicted millions of Indians. His life is an inspirational story of achievements despite trying circumstances and the indomitable will to move beyond individual strife for the larger cause of social justice and national renaissance.

Translation Exercise - 41

The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) observed Legal Services Day in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh today. iOS Mobile App was also launched on the occasion. Shri Justice N.V.Ramana, Chief Justice of India & Patron-in-Chief, NALSA was the Chief Guest for the function. Union Minister of Law & Justice Shri Kiren Rijiju and Shri Justice Uday Umesh Lalit were the guests of honour for the function. Shri Justice Rajesh Bindal, Chief Justice, Allahabad High Court and Shri Justice M.N.Bhandari, Executive Chairman, UP State Legal Services Authority and other dignitaries including Judges, Supreme Court of India, Judicial Officers, etc. shall also be gracing the said occasion.

Shri Justice Uday Umesh Lalit lauded the students of Maharishi University who launched a skit on the occasion on the importance of Legal Aid Awareness. He stressed the importance of the wide dissemination through various modes of communication in making people aware of people’s constitutional right to get free legal aid. He wished to eradicate the lack of knowledge on this right so that more people will come forward to avail of the right. He stressed the importance of the law students engaging in the legal aid events to eradicate the ignorance about constitutional rights of the citizens.

Addressing the gathering, Shri Kiren Rijiju commended the legal services authorities on their initiatives and measures taken for spreading legal awareness in each part of the country. He said judges are busy with their work on hearing the cases and so services of NALSA are required to spread the legal awareness to the citizens. He expressed happiness in seeing Lok Adalat being conducted and serving justice on time. He said this brings justice to the doorsteps of the people. He said more focus should be given to the lower judiciary. He said the bridge between access to justice and the common man has to be bridged. He said a strong judiciary is required for democracy to be robust.

He emphasized on bringing all the Law Colleges & Universities in upgrading their standards. He said the Government is looking at alternative redressal mechanisms and other such avenues for the career of law students. He recalled the Prime Minister’s promise of making India a global hub of arbitration. He  argued for bringing a simple and small law so that the common man can understand the law easily.

The Minister mentioned Article 8 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 that provides that “Everyone has the right or an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted by the constitution or by law.” 

He noted that Article 39 A of the Constitution of India spells out the paradigm for ensuring justice to all. He said the Constitutional vision of “Equal Justice and Free Legal Aid” is imperative for a nation whose millions of people are living in abject poverty. He said having fundamental rights doesn’t make a country great. People should be aware of the fundamental duties and oblige them. He said a common man can live a dignified life, if he is given proper legal aid.

Shri Justice NV Ramana lauded NALSA for spreading legal awareness and upholding justice for the poor and the needy. He quoted Swami Vivekananda’s mantra “Arise, awake and stop not till the goal is reached” and said that the skit performed a while ago was reflective of this mantra. He commended the law students for making the legal services day a grand success. He expressed happiness for observing legal services day on such a grand scale.

He recalled the legal services movement during the period of freedom struggle. He said earlier the service of legal aid was confined to the courtroom and now it has expanded to legal awareness, legal literacy, social action litigation, alternative dispute resolution mechanism, etc.

He said on this occasion a new building for the mediation centre was inaugurated in the supreme court premise. He urged the law students to be the voice of those who have none and be alert about the social problems and act to solve it. He lauded the law students for disseminating legal awareness among the people. He commended the launch of the multi-language portal of NALSA thereby extending the reach of the NALSA. He commended the work of NALSA in spreading legal awareness among the people.

Hon Chief Justice of India Justice N V Ramana inaugurated a four day short film festival on the Legal aid awareness which is being organised under the aegis of the Chhattisgarh State Legal Services Authority. Over 300 entries have been received for the festival on Crimes on women and children, drug awareness etc.

Prizes were also distributed to the winners of the Moot Court Competition and elocution competition among students of Law Colleges. 

 

Translation Exercise - 40

A meaningful change in India's industrial policy, the ProductionLinked Incentive (PLI) schemes are the latest additions to the game-changing reforms that have been introduced under the aegis of the 'AatmaNirbhar Bharat Abhiyan' (Self-Reliant India movement) launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

The idea behind the scheme is to offer companies incentives on incremental sales from products manufactured in India, over the base year. The scheme also invites foreign companies to set up units in India alongside encouraging local companies to set up or expand existing manufacturing units, generate more employment and cut down the country's reliance on imports. It will also have beneficial spill-over effects via the creation of a big supplier base for the anchor units established under the scheme.

In the Union Budget 2021-22, the Finance Minister announced an outlay of Rs. 1.97 lakh crore (~USD 26 Bn) for the PLI schemes for 13 key sectors which have been shortlisted on the basis of their potential for revenue and employment generation. The scheme also intends to generate large-scale employment by incentivising the development of traditional, labour-intensive sectors such as food processing and textiles.

Covering key employment generating sectors of ESDM, automobiles, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, textiles, food products, renewable energy, white goods and steel, the scheme envisages to provide an average 5% of the production value as an incentive. This implies that the minimum production in the country as an outcome of the PLI schemes stands to be around Rs. 3.92 lakh crore (~USD 500 Bn) in the next five years, as per reports by NITI Aayog.

This massive boost in production has the potential to create nearly 1.40 crore man-months' worth of jobs directly from 2021-22, which translates to effectively doubling the existing workforce across sectors. With the inclusion of the suppliers and vendors of the manufacturing companies benefitting from the PLI scheme, a total of 4.20 crore man-months of jobs are set to be generated, as per the data by Indian Staffing Federation.

While making domestic manufacturing globally competitive, boosting exports and creating global champions across strategic sectors, the biggest takeaway of the scheme lies in its potential to generate employment. Even while defining each sector's expected outcomes, employment shares the stage with parameters like increase in investment, production and exports.

The most exemplary example of the PLI scheme's success in transforming the domestic manufacturing landscape of a specific sector can be seen in the largescale electronics manufacturing domain, where, within a few months of the scheme's launch, the 16 approved companies produced goods worth nearly Rs. 35,000 crore, invested nearly Rs. 1,300 crore and are set to create around 22,000 jobs, under the scheme.

At the outset of the PLI schemes, mobile manufacturing and specified electronic components has pegged its expected direct employment of nearly 2 lakh and an additional indirect employment of nearly 3 times the direct employment in next five years. A similar major feat has been achieved by the medical devices sector, where 14 applications have been approved by the government with a total committed investment of Rs. 873.93 crore and expected employment generation of about 4,212 out of the larger goal of creating additional employment of 33,750 jobs over a period of five year.

The success of the PLI in large-scale manufacturing sets the perfect precedent for the pharmaceutical industry to witness similar growth and expand its domestic manufacturing capacities. For starting materials/drug intermediaries and active pharmaceutical ingredients, approvals have been accorded to 16 applicants which have committed a total investment of Rs. 348.70 crore and employment generation of about 3,042 out of the proposed target of creating 12,140 overall jobs.

In November 2020, the Union Cabinet has given its approval to introduce the PLI Scheme in the 10 key sectors of Advance Chemistry Cell (ACC) Battery, Electronic/ Technology Products, Automobiles & Auto Components, Pharmaceuticals drugs, Telecom & Networking Products, Textile Products, Food Products, High Efficiency Solar PV Modules, White Goods (Air Conditioners and LED Lights) and Specialty Steel.

As per government estimates, the PLI scheme is expected to yield employment creation, starting from the next financial year—1.80 lakh employment opportunities for manufacturing electronic/ technology products, one lakh jobs for manufacturing pharmaceuticals drugs, 2.5 lakh persons for segments of food for which the PLI has been announced, four lakh direct and indirect employment opportunities for the white goods sector; and direct employment of about 30,000 and indirect employment of about 1.2 lakh persons in the entire solar PV manufacturing ecosystem.

As per the Indian Staffing Federation, 14,07,778 jobs will be created in Advance Chemistry Cell (ACC) Battery, 3,88,889 jobs in ESDM, 44,36,600 in manufacturing of automobiles and its components, 11,66,667 in production of pharmaceuticals drugs, 9,48,500 in telecom and networking products, 8,30,900 for manufacturing textile and 8,47,778 for food products, 3,50,000 in solar PV modules, 4,85,178 in white goods (specifically air conditioners and LED Lights) and 4,91,711 jobs for manufacturing specialty steel. The grand total direct and collateral job surge expected has been pegged at 1,13,54,000 and 3,40,62,000 respectively, by the Indian Staffing Federation.

The PLI scheme is expected to have a cascading effect, having a lasting impact on MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises). Along with the anchor units, supplier units will also help generate massive primary and secondary employment opportunities. Moreover, the specific product lines identified in each of the 10 sectors is based on having high growth potential and capabilities to generate medium- to large-scale employment.

As the detailed guidelines of each sector under PLI are being released and a roadmap for its effective implementation being drawn, the coming five years will witness a sharp yet meaningful turn in its larger industrial policy. The new progrowth template for India's industrial policy contains all essential parameters to make India a manufacturing hub and transform its huge population into productive workforce.

 

Translation Exercise (English-Hindi) - 39

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has been established under Food Safety and Standards , 2006 which consolidates various acts & orders that have hitherto handled food related issues in various Ministries and Departments. FSSAI has been created for laying down science based standards for articles of food and to regulate their manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import to ensure availability of safe and wholesome food for human consumption.

Highlights of the Food Safety and Standard Act, 2006

• Various central Acts like Prevention of Food Adulteration Act,1954,Fruit Products Order , 1955, Meat Food Products Order,1973,
• Vegetable Oil Products (Control) Order, 1947,Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation)Order 1988, Solvent Extracted Oil, De- Oiled Meal and Edible Flour (Control) Order, 1967, Milk and Milk Products Order, 1992 etc will be repealed after commencement of FSS Act, 2006.

The Act also aims to establish a single reference point for all matters relating to food safety and standards, by moving from multi- level, multi- departmental control to a single line of command. To this effect, the Act establishes an independent statutory Authority – the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India with head office at Delhi. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and the State Food Safety Authorities shall enforce various provisions of the Act.

Establishment of the Authority

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India is the Administrative Ministry for the implementation of FSSAI. The Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer of Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) have already been appointed by Government of India. The Chairperson is in the rank of Secretary to Government of India.

FSSAI has been mandated by the FSS Act, 2006 for performing the following functions:

• Framing of Regulations to lay down the Standards and guidelines in relation to articles of food and specifying appropriate system of enforcing various standards thus notified.
• Laying down mechanisms and guidelines for accreditation of certification bodies engaged in certification of food safety management system for food businesses.
• Laying down procedure and guidelines for accreditation of laboratories and notification of the accredited laboratories.
• To provide scientific advice and technical support to Central Government and State Governments in the matters of framing the policy and rules in areas which have a direct or indirect bearing of food safety and nutrition.
• Collect and collate data regarding food consumption, incidence and prevalence of biological risk, contaminants in food, residues of various, contaminants in foods products, identification of emerging risks and introduction of rapid alert system.
• Creating an information network across the country so that the public, consumers, Panchayats etc receive rapid, reliable and objective information about food safety and issues of concern.
• Provide training programmes for persons who are involved or intend to get involved in food businesses.
• Contribute to the development of international technical standards for food, sanitary and phyto-sanitary standards.
• Promote general awareness about food safety and food standards.

Translation (English-Hindi) Exercise -38 (06-10-2021)

 The Olympic Games is a quadrennial (held every four years) international multisport event celebrated as a global sports festival by people all over the world. The Games are the largest sporting celebration in the number of sports on the programme, the number of athletes present and the number of people from different nations gathered together at the same time in the same place. The roots of today's Games date back to the ancient Olympic Games, held over 2,000 years ago. Also known as the "Olympiad", the event took place in the Olympia region of ancient Greece. It is believed that the event was an athletic and artistic festival dedicated to the worship of the gods. However, the ancient Olympic Games were hindered by numerous conflicts and finally came to an end in 393 AD. Fifteen hundred years later in 1892, a French educator named Baron Pierre de Coubertin began the Olympic revival movement. De Coubertin's idea to reinstate the Olympic Games was presented to the audience at the international congress in Paris, 1894 and his proposal was unanimously approved. Two years later the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece, the homeland of the ancient Olympic Games. The date of the first Games, 1896, marked the beginning of an extraordinary adventure that has now lasted for over a century. De Coubertin is thus revered as the "Father of the Olympics".

           The well-known five rings symbol of the Olympic Games were also created by Baron de Coubertin, to express the solidarity of the world's five continents. According to the Olympic Charter, "the Olympic symbol consists of five interlaced rings of equal dimensions (the Olympic rings), used alone, in one or in five different colours. When used in its five-colour version, these colours shall be, from left to right, blue, yellow, black, green and red. The rings are interlaced from left to right; the blue, black and red rings are situated at the top, the yellow and green rings at the bottom." The Charter says "the Olympic symbol expresses the activity of the Olympic Movement and represents the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games." The symbol has gone through several changes over the years. Today, there are seven official versions of the Olympic rings. The full-colour version on its white background is the preferred version.

           The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is the guardian of the Olympic Games and the leader of the Olympic Movement. Established on June 23, 1894, the IOC is a not-for-profit independent international organisation. Based in Lausanne, Switzerland, the Olympic Capital, it is entirely privately funded and distributes 90 per cent of its revenues to the wider sporting movement, for the development of sport and athletes at all levels. The organisation acts as a catalyst for collaboration between all Olympic stakeholders, including the athletes, the National Olympic Committees, the International Federations, Organising Committees for the Olympic Games, the Worldwide Olympic Partners and Olympic broadcast partners. It also collaborates with public and private authorities including the United Nations and other international organisations.