Translation Exercise - 40

A meaningful change in India's industrial policy, the ProductionLinked Incentive (PLI) schemes are the latest additions to the game-changing reforms that have been introduced under the aegis of the 'AatmaNirbhar Bharat Abhiyan' (Self-Reliant India movement) launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

The idea behind the scheme is to offer companies incentives on incremental sales from products manufactured in India, over the base year. The scheme also invites foreign companies to set up units in India alongside encouraging local companies to set up or expand existing manufacturing units, generate more employment and cut down the country's reliance on imports. It will also have beneficial spill-over effects via the creation of a big supplier base for the anchor units established under the scheme.

In the Union Budget 2021-22, the Finance Minister announced an outlay of Rs. 1.97 lakh crore (~USD 26 Bn) for the PLI schemes for 13 key sectors which have been shortlisted on the basis of their potential for revenue and employment generation. The scheme also intends to generate large-scale employment by incentivising the development of traditional, labour-intensive sectors such as food processing and textiles.

Covering key employment generating sectors of ESDM, automobiles, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, textiles, food products, renewable energy, white goods and steel, the scheme envisages to provide an average 5% of the production value as an incentive. This implies that the minimum production in the country as an outcome of the PLI schemes stands to be around Rs. 3.92 lakh crore (~USD 500 Bn) in the next five years, as per reports by NITI Aayog.

This massive boost in production has the potential to create nearly 1.40 crore man-months' worth of jobs directly from 2021-22, which translates to effectively doubling the existing workforce across sectors. With the inclusion of the suppliers and vendors of the manufacturing companies benefitting from the PLI scheme, a total of 4.20 crore man-months of jobs are set to be generated, as per the data by Indian Staffing Federation.

While making domestic manufacturing globally competitive, boosting exports and creating global champions across strategic sectors, the biggest takeaway of the scheme lies in its potential to generate employment. Even while defining each sector's expected outcomes, employment shares the stage with parameters like increase in investment, production and exports.

The most exemplary example of the PLI scheme's success in transforming the domestic manufacturing landscape of a specific sector can be seen in the largescale electronics manufacturing domain, where, within a few months of the scheme's launch, the 16 approved companies produced goods worth nearly Rs. 35,000 crore, invested nearly Rs. 1,300 crore and are set to create around 22,000 jobs, under the scheme.

At the outset of the PLI schemes, mobile manufacturing and specified electronic components has pegged its expected direct employment of nearly 2 lakh and an additional indirect employment of nearly 3 times the direct employment in next five years. A similar major feat has been achieved by the medical devices sector, where 14 applications have been approved by the government with a total committed investment of Rs. 873.93 crore and expected employment generation of about 4,212 out of the larger goal of creating additional employment of 33,750 jobs over a period of five year.

The success of the PLI in large-scale manufacturing sets the perfect precedent for the pharmaceutical industry to witness similar growth and expand its domestic manufacturing capacities. For starting materials/drug intermediaries and active pharmaceutical ingredients, approvals have been accorded to 16 applicants which have committed a total investment of Rs. 348.70 crore and employment generation of about 3,042 out of the proposed target of creating 12,140 overall jobs.

In November 2020, the Union Cabinet has given its approval to introduce the PLI Scheme in the 10 key sectors of Advance Chemistry Cell (ACC) Battery, Electronic/ Technology Products, Automobiles & Auto Components, Pharmaceuticals drugs, Telecom & Networking Products, Textile Products, Food Products, High Efficiency Solar PV Modules, White Goods (Air Conditioners and LED Lights) and Specialty Steel.

As per government estimates, the PLI scheme is expected to yield employment creation, starting from the next financial year—1.80 lakh employment opportunities for manufacturing electronic/ technology products, one lakh jobs for manufacturing pharmaceuticals drugs, 2.5 lakh persons for segments of food for which the PLI has been announced, four lakh direct and indirect employment opportunities for the white goods sector; and direct employment of about 30,000 and indirect employment of about 1.2 lakh persons in the entire solar PV manufacturing ecosystem.

As per the Indian Staffing Federation, 14,07,778 jobs will be created in Advance Chemistry Cell (ACC) Battery, 3,88,889 jobs in ESDM, 44,36,600 in manufacturing of automobiles and its components, 11,66,667 in production of pharmaceuticals drugs, 9,48,500 in telecom and networking products, 8,30,900 for manufacturing textile and 8,47,778 for food products, 3,50,000 in solar PV modules, 4,85,178 in white goods (specifically air conditioners and LED Lights) and 4,91,711 jobs for manufacturing specialty steel. The grand total direct and collateral job surge expected has been pegged at 1,13,54,000 and 3,40,62,000 respectively, by the Indian Staffing Federation.

The PLI scheme is expected to have a cascading effect, having a lasting impact on MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises). Along with the anchor units, supplier units will also help generate massive primary and secondary employment opportunities. Moreover, the specific product lines identified in each of the 10 sectors is based on having high growth potential and capabilities to generate medium- to large-scale employment.

As the detailed guidelines of each sector under PLI are being released and a roadmap for its effective implementation being drawn, the coming five years will witness a sharp yet meaningful turn in its larger industrial policy. The new progrowth template for India's industrial policy contains all essential parameters to make India a manufacturing hub and transform its huge population into productive workforce.

 

Translation Exercise (English-Hindi) - 39

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has been established under Food Safety and Standards , 2006 which consolidates various acts & orders that have hitherto handled food related issues in various Ministries and Departments. FSSAI has been created for laying down science based standards for articles of food and to regulate their manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import to ensure availability of safe and wholesome food for human consumption.

Highlights of the Food Safety and Standard Act, 2006

• Various central Acts like Prevention of Food Adulteration Act,1954,Fruit Products Order , 1955, Meat Food Products Order,1973,
• Vegetable Oil Products (Control) Order, 1947,Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation)Order 1988, Solvent Extracted Oil, De- Oiled Meal and Edible Flour (Control) Order, 1967, Milk and Milk Products Order, 1992 etc will be repealed after commencement of FSS Act, 2006.

The Act also aims to establish a single reference point for all matters relating to food safety and standards, by moving from multi- level, multi- departmental control to a single line of command. To this effect, the Act establishes an independent statutory Authority – the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India with head office at Delhi. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and the State Food Safety Authorities shall enforce various provisions of the Act.

Establishment of the Authority

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India is the Administrative Ministry for the implementation of FSSAI. The Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer of Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) have already been appointed by Government of India. The Chairperson is in the rank of Secretary to Government of India.

FSSAI has been mandated by the FSS Act, 2006 for performing the following functions:

• Framing of Regulations to lay down the Standards and guidelines in relation to articles of food and specifying appropriate system of enforcing various standards thus notified.
• Laying down mechanisms and guidelines for accreditation of certification bodies engaged in certification of food safety management system for food businesses.
• Laying down procedure and guidelines for accreditation of laboratories and notification of the accredited laboratories.
• To provide scientific advice and technical support to Central Government and State Governments in the matters of framing the policy and rules in areas which have a direct or indirect bearing of food safety and nutrition.
• Collect and collate data regarding food consumption, incidence and prevalence of biological risk, contaminants in food, residues of various, contaminants in foods products, identification of emerging risks and introduction of rapid alert system.
• Creating an information network across the country so that the public, consumers, Panchayats etc receive rapid, reliable and objective information about food safety and issues of concern.
• Provide training programmes for persons who are involved or intend to get involved in food businesses.
• Contribute to the development of international technical standards for food, sanitary and phyto-sanitary standards.
• Promote general awareness about food safety and food standards.

Translation (English-Hindi) Exercise -38 (06-10-2021)

 The Olympic Games is a quadrennial (held every four years) international multisport event celebrated as a global sports festival by people all over the world. The Games are the largest sporting celebration in the number of sports on the programme, the number of athletes present and the number of people from different nations gathered together at the same time in the same place. The roots of today's Games date back to the ancient Olympic Games, held over 2,000 years ago. Also known as the "Olympiad", the event took place in the Olympia region of ancient Greece. It is believed that the event was an athletic and artistic festival dedicated to the worship of the gods. However, the ancient Olympic Games were hindered by numerous conflicts and finally came to an end in 393 AD. Fifteen hundred years later in 1892, a French educator named Baron Pierre de Coubertin began the Olympic revival movement. De Coubertin's idea to reinstate the Olympic Games was presented to the audience at the international congress in Paris, 1894 and his proposal was unanimously approved. Two years later the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece, the homeland of the ancient Olympic Games. The date of the first Games, 1896, marked the beginning of an extraordinary adventure that has now lasted for over a century. De Coubertin is thus revered as the "Father of the Olympics".

           The well-known five rings symbol of the Olympic Games were also created by Baron de Coubertin, to express the solidarity of the world's five continents. According to the Olympic Charter, "the Olympic symbol consists of five interlaced rings of equal dimensions (the Olympic rings), used alone, in one or in five different colours. When used in its five-colour version, these colours shall be, from left to right, blue, yellow, black, green and red. The rings are interlaced from left to right; the blue, black and red rings are situated at the top, the yellow and green rings at the bottom." The Charter says "the Olympic symbol expresses the activity of the Olympic Movement and represents the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games." The symbol has gone through several changes over the years. Today, there are seven official versions of the Olympic rings. The full-colour version on its white background is the preferred version.

           The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is the guardian of the Olympic Games and the leader of the Olympic Movement. Established on June 23, 1894, the IOC is a not-for-profit independent international organisation. Based in Lausanne, Switzerland, the Olympic Capital, it is entirely privately funded and distributes 90 per cent of its revenues to the wider sporting movement, for the development of sport and athletes at all levels. The organisation acts as a catalyst for collaboration between all Olympic stakeholders, including the athletes, the National Olympic Committees, the International Federations, Organising Committees for the Olympic Games, the Worldwide Olympic Partners and Olympic broadcast partners. It also collaborates with public and private authorities including the United Nations and other international organisations.